Food and Culture free essay sample

Food is needed as a source of energy and to sustain our bodies. Besides a need for survival, it is sustains our heart and mind. As the book states, â€Å"food practices of many societies can reflect religious and cultural taboos†. In all cultures, people sit down while eating their meals, whether it be families, friends, coworkers, and classmates. It is a time to share ideas, stories, whether formal or informal, creating traditions, and rules of what to do and what not to do while having their meal. Food becomes sacred and has meaning such as Thanksgiving meals. A traditional Thanksgiving meal almost always consists of Turkey. The turkey is still the culinary symbol of the November feast. The Cornucopia is the symbol of abundance of fruits, grains, etc reaping for that year. While foods and tastes differ from place to place, the cultural importance of food exists the world over. Throughout history food has also played a pivotal role in the areas of race, gender and religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Food and Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From who grows the food to who prepares it, food has strongly been linked to the varying roles of men and women. Changes in farming and food production have invariably brought with them changes in what men and women are able to do, and not do. Race also tells a story to what they eat. For example, Italy pasta is served as a side dish, whereas in in America, Italians serve pasta as their main course. My Italian neighbor said it is because food was very expensive during early Italian immigration and pasta was very efficient. Therefore, they ate as much pasta to hold them up during the day. As for religion, what you can and cannot eat is an important way for people to connect with their deities and their religious communities. Whether we are man or woman, religious or not, or whatever race these issues impact the society in which we live. The editors of this text provide many examples on food, culture, and values. This brings us back to Patricia Hampl’s â€Å"Grandmother Sunday dinner†. She said, â€Å"Come and eat† was not, after all a personal statement, but a racial one, the cri de couer of Middle Europe. Chagnon also mentions how â€Å"food sharing is important to the Yanonamo in the context of displaying friendship†. In spite of him not sharing, they insisted on demanding his share and made his meal unpleasant. Finally, Amy Tan exemplifies that one  culture’s favorite foods can make someone grimace. But she taught us that no matter how embarrassing or different you can be, you should â€Å"be proud that you are different. Your only shame is to have shame†.

Social division Essays

Social division Essays Social division Paper Social division Paper A key feature of societies is that they are socially divided. Different social groups have access to different amount of power, wealth and influence. Societies are divided by inequalities between different social groups and these determine the life chances and well-being of individuals. The main consequence of recognizing that we live in such society is the realization that we can understand better the structure of that society if seek to identify and analyse the different social divisions that exist (Alcock, Erskine May, 2003). This essay will explain what social divisions are and why interrelationships amongst them are significant. Then using chosen article Using Focus Group Research in Exploring the Relationships Between Youth, Risk and Social Position this essay will try to show how interrelationship of social divisions are demonstrated in it. When we meet someone we are aware of their sex, age, ethnicity or disability. The way we categorise people influence how we behave towards them. The classification of people into categories occurs in all societies and this process is called social divisions (Moore, 2001). Social divisions focus attention upon social groups, different ways in which societies may be grouped and most critically, relations between different social groups (Alcock, Erskine May, 2003). As the term social division is very broad, it is possible to include under its ambit all types of differences like class, gender, sex, ethnicity, thus societies have hierarchies which are organised through: social and economic divisions (labour, wealth, income are important), gender and sexuality divisions ( position as a man or as a woman), ethnic and racialised divisions (ethnicity), age divisions (age is important), health and disablement divisions (body, mental capacity or health are important) (Macionis Plummer, 2008). Social divisions are socially created rather than natural (i.e. skin colour takes on significance in our society and does impact upon the way those of African origin are treated, but eye colour, hair colour are not important). They are the outcome of previous social interactions, events, decisions, stereotypes and struggles (Moore, 2001).  Social divisions have at least two categories, each of which has distinctive material and cultural features, where one category is better positioned than the other and has a better share of resources because it has greater power over the way our society is organised. In other words divisions tend to divide people into better or worse categories creating social inequalities. Those in the better categories have more control over their lives, more money and can generally be seen to lead happier lives. Those occupying the better positions often take their advantages for granted but, nonetheless, social divisions are still all about advantage and disadvantage. They are therefore also about who has the power to create and maintain this situation in which inequalities persist (Payne, 2006). The particular combination and balance of memberships also matter. For example, to be white, middle class, male and healthy is not only different from being black, working class, female and sick, but also different from being black, middle class, male and healthy. We need to consider how the various divisions seem able to work in specific combinations and, in a somewhat less coherent way, also work together as a whole to make up what we know as society (Payne, 2006). Moreover divisions require at least two sides for example, to be black or white, male or female, in good health or ill, heterosexual or homosexual and this often implies a hierarchical relationship in which one category is advantaged precisely because it is more highly valued in relation to its opposite, at a structural, social level. Since the two sides are constructed in relation to each other to belong to one side is defined in terms of not belonging to the other. In this sense the two sides of social divisions can be seen as mutually constitutive: one side exists only in relation to its opposite and is defined by its difference from this opposite (Braham Janes 2002). However social divisions are neither permanent nor fixed but they are socially constructed, so that while there are always social divisions, their precise form varies from society to society. For example seeing men and women as groups posits a form of classification of individuals according to certain criteria usually dependent on genitalia but also behavioural, identificational and performative criteria, but this does not mean that these individuals always belong together, i.e. to the same group, for they can be allocated or allocate themselves to others on other criteria (Anthias, 2001).

Using Simulations in Nursing Education Research Paper

Using Simulations in Nursing Education - Research Paper Example Nursing is not an exception as there are numerous aspects of the study in nursing which cannot be grasped by the students without practical knowledge. Simulation has been used in the nursing domain and health care sector for a long time but there is a need to elevate the frequency and quality of simulation based techniques in nursing in order to completely exploit the benefits (Jun et al., 1999). The three main learning theories which are known as cognitive, social, and constructivist explain the detailed processes through which the learners gain in depth knowledge about any topic while using simulations. This paper will discuss the evidence based depictions generally in health care and then an emphasized study with specific relation to field of Obstetrics, which will explain the effectiveness and importance of using the simulations in nursing education and its positive impact on the patient outcomes. Literature Review The importunate need of the simulation in nursing domain surfaced in late 20th century when the resources were depleting for the health care sector and time restrictions were augmenting. There were loop holes in the skills of the trained nurses which were experienced in the practical fields and the patient outcomes were going through drastic results. ... report, IOM called an emergency meeting of the health sector gurus which passed as resolution with consensus that the human error ratio is because of the weak educational system and the nurses are needed to be equipped with emergency case scenarios and in depth knowledge of different kind of diseases. Simulation provides the best space for the students to learn and practice the medical theories without a fear of harming the patient. Simulation also provides a massive opportunity for the students to test their skills and periodic repetitions of the practical methodological studies. The apprenticeship training processes can be easily performed and the instructors can effectively transmit the changing health patterns to the students by practically showing them the simulations. The sensitivity factors often acts as a major hindrance in the learning process for the nurses (Rutherford-Hemming, 2012). The operative vaginal delivery with forceps and vacuum devices are also being deployed at large in the medical domain of Obstetrics. The neonatal risks are accompanied with the use of vacuum cups, but they are far more efficient in the delivery procedures and are used by a great number of Obstetricians. In the same way some other sectors of Obstetrics such as needle usage amniocentesis and fetal blood sampling  requires a great deal of practice and such cases are not available for the nursing students for practice on hands. Some medics foresaw the importance of simulation in the field of Obstetrics and issues order to embed the low-fidelity models for amniocentesis in the learning and training procedures (Cass et al., 2011). The results were optimal, and patient outcomes were affected in a very positive way after the training and on hands experience of the students on these

CVP analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CVP analysis - Essay Example Cost–volume–profit (CVP) is an administrative management tool used in economics (Weygandt, 2009). It is a basic model designed to assist in making short-time decisions in economics based on costs incurred in the business The information on CVP influences determination of break-even analysis. Break-even spot shows the point at which the net income is zero. Analysis of CVP makes use of variable and fixed costs. CVP examines the dynamics experienced in profits accrued by businesses due to changes in the volumes of costs of various products and their sales. It is through CVP that a venture identifies the progress of his or her business and makes sound decisions. CVP analysis has a number of assumptions, which also are the same as those for break-even analysis. The analyst assumes that costs behave in a linear manner throughout the activities. The classification of costs is possible and accurately stated depending on whether fixed or variable. The other assumption is that ch anges in costs are due to change of activity. All products from the invested capital have a market value and that there is no product inventory required once the product is ready for sale (Balakrishnan et al, 2009). The analysts using CVP technique provides information about the products. The analyst also needs to know the levels of sales and volumes and the amount they need to protect the investment from making loses. The other information required by the analysts is the capacity for the analyst to determine the effects of increasing or decreasing the fixed costs. Successful analysts must have the capability of approximating the amount of funds required for expenditures and the magnitude of risks required (Balakrishnan et al, 2009). Profit equation using CVP analysis Analysts using CVP starts by determining the business profit using the profit equation as shown (Weygandt, 2009). Profit = Total revenue -Total costs Since the costs are in two divisions, i.e. fixed costs and variable costs, the equation becomes Profit =Total revenue -Total variable costs -Total fixed costs Profit is a function of the contribution margin. This refers to the amount of invested capital in this discussion (Balakrishnan et al, 2009). The total contribution margin is the difference between the total revenue and total variable costs. The calculation of contribution margin may also occur per unit production. This margin is necessary in consideration of the effects that volume has on a business profit. Realization of profits in a business takes place upon covering of sales equivalent to the fixed costs. This means that any unit sales above the fixed costs become profit. The overall profit equation in CVP analysis, therefore, becomes (Weygandt, 2009). Profit =P * Q - V * Q - F = (P - V) * Q – F Where; P _ Selling price per unit V _ Variable cost per unit (P _ V) _ Contribution margin per unit Q _ Quantity of product sold (units of goods or services) F _ Total fixed costs Cost-Volum e-Profit Graph (Weygandt, 2009) This is a graph that shows the bond amid the total income and total costs in a business. This graph also shows how profits change with time depending on different activity volumes. In the above graph, the loss decreases with increasing volume of sales. At the same time, there is an increase in the contribution margin. At the point, where the cost intersect with the revenue line, this point known as break-even point above which profits are evident. In the case, where there is income tax, the business after tax calculation makes use of the formula; After-tax profit = Pretax profit –Taxes. Pretax profit = (Tax rate -Pretax profit). Pretax profit = (1 - Tax rate). Snap Fitness business The principles of CVP are applicable in a number of business organizations, for example, in starting a snap fitness business. This small venture requires a small amount of capital to start. In addition, it takes a short time for the investor to reach a break-even

The Influence of Capoeira on Hip Hop Dance Forms Research Paper

The Influence of Capoeira on Hip Hop Dance Forms - Research Paper Example This Afro-Brazilian form is called capoeira, a game of movement in which the intent is to mimic fighting moves to outdo an opponent. Capoeira is uniquely suited for the origins of Hip Hop and aspects of it can be found throughout the culture. According to Emmett George Price, hip-hop evolved in the 1970’s as a reactionary cultural movement based on concepts that evolved from the civil rights movements of the 1960’s (1). Price says that the movement is considered to have begun in the Bronx in New York where the neighborhood had developed into an impoverished, gang-based culture that thrived through violence and criminal behavior (9). The gangs provided a sort of â€Å"family’ for the displaced youths that suffered from inadequacies of all types from low-quality nutrition, poor educational opportunities, and a bleak future outlook. Under the leadership of Afrika Bambaataa who rose to lead a gang named the Black Spades, an alternative to violent conflict between the gangs arose to fill the needs of the adversarial youths. Hip-hop developed from a need to find respect and honor without entering into a battlefield of bloodshed. Hip-hop culture developed through a need to find a way to save a culture from its own violent destruction. As ‘crews’ developed rap and movements intended to outdo rival groups, the appeal began to spread and become commercialized. Where the origins of the music developed for private purposes, the commercial potential began to find its way into the music industry. With the release of Sugar Hill’s Gang’s work titled â€Å"Rapper’s Delight†, the revolution of the music industry began. As the music industry developed, so did the dance associated with the music and the culture worked its way into mainstream American entertainment (Fitzgerald 42). Hip-hop is urban and global, a representation from the poor inner-city youth that has expanded into a multi-million dollar financial benefit.

Advantages and disadvantages of using credit cards

Advantages and disadvantages of using credit cards In this modern era with the rising of e-commerce in the world, the usage of credit card is getting popular among the world nowadays. The usage of credit card has actually spread towards the college student and has increasing visibility (Hayhoe, 2002). Meanwhile, this is the best chance for the credit card companies to put on target at college students because college students are expected to have higher of earning power and this makes the credit card companies believe that as a desirable market (Warwick Mansfield, 2000). Credit card can be best defined as a small plastic card issued by the bank to the consumers to purchase goods and services in advance with a credit limit on the spending (eHow, n.d). With a credit card, the users are able to purchase goods without using cash. Users will have the ability to use it as online payment in internet and uses it as monthly installment for large volume goods and services (eHow, n.d). However, interest charges are applied to the credit cards. There are many different types of credit card associations nowadays. For example, American Express, Dinner Club, MasterCard, Visa and many more. Each month, the credit card user is sent a statement by bank that indicated their purchases for previous month. After the cardholder received the statement, he or she must pay the amount of their purchases otherwise may choose to pay a higher amount when the credit issuer charges interest on the amount owed. Even credit cards have higher interest rates than most consumer loans; many people still prefer to use it yet. This is because almost every store that we can see allows for payment of goods and services through credit cards today. The increasing number of banks that provides credit card has eventually increases the competition between banks in attracting the customers. Every bank has tried their own way to persuade the customers to apply the credit customers. The worst part is, they even attract college students by having promotion in the college. Historically, the bank actually started to bump into student credit card market in the late of 1980-an (Manning, 2000). In the long run, this will cause many problems to the college students. This is because most of the college students does not how to plan their money effectively. According to Henry, Weber, and Yarbrough (2001), most of the students will have the credit problems is because college students do not practice to have a written budget. The researchers also expected college students are vulnerable to financial crisis (Henry, Weber Yarbrough, 2001). The incredible increase of the usage of credit card actually has demonstrated the crisis among the college students. The increased number of credit cards among college has seen a major growth since the past decade (So, Grable Bagwell, 2003). Based on a research, 70% of all undergraduates at four-year colleges have at least one credit card today (So, Grable Bagwell, 2003). Advantages and Disadvantages of using a Credit Card Credit Card is an Automatic advanced card which people can use it to get the goods without paying the cash. Credit cards are widely use by people all around the world as a source of convenient to get what their needs. But, there are many advantages and disadvantages of using it. One of the advantages of credit card is that with credit card can eliminate the need to carry large sums of cash wherever we go. For example, if we are away from home for vocation, we dont need to take large amount of cash in pocket. Besides, credit cards may also offer us additional protection if goods that we bought is lost, damaged, or stolen. This is where the credit card company can know that the fact that we have made a purchase. In addition, we can also see that some credit card companies offer insurance for the customers on large purchases. By this way, the companies can protect their customers and give their customers the security of using the card. With a credit card can also assist us build a credit line. By having a good credit history is very vital, which meant that making payments on time and in full month, it help us not only applying a credit card, but also when applying for the loans, rental, or even some jobs will more easily. In conjunction to that, credit cards can also be useful in times of emergency as well. For example, students with a credit card can take the necessary actions by helping parents when they falls ill, a car is damaged, or trying to buy a higher cost books in the university. Some credit cards also offer some extra benefits for their customers, such as discounts from particular stores or companies, bonuses such free airline miles or travel discounts. All of these benefits is helpful for us as long as we bear in mind that out spending limits. On the other hand, the disadvantage of credit cards is that they encourage people to spend money that they dont have. The customers can spend any time as they want even they have less money. Indirectly, the customers cannot pay for the bill statements that what they had spent. By this way, the more money the customers owe the credit card companies, and yet they will charge the customers on interest each month on their spending. The other disadvantages of credit card is that the credit card companies will charge the customers on high amount of interest on each balance that the customers dont pay off at the end of the month. This is how the credit card companies make their money and this is how many of credit card users will get into big troubles. And, credit card fraud also is one of the disadvantages. This is where the credit card also same as a cash, it also can be stolen sometimes. They maybe be physically stolen from customers wallet or credit card number and use as to swap the mo ney. The good news is that, when we realize our credit card is stolen, quickly we can report to the credit card companies. This is to avoid us by not being charged for any purchases that someone else has made. As conclusion, credit cards can make life easier and convenient to the users as they utilize it wisely. But, if we use it wrongly, it will become huge financial burden for us. If we decide to use the credit cards, we must know some simple rules such as limit our purchases, dont spend outside our budget, pay off the balance at the end of each month, and most importantly is dont give credit card information to anyone else as the safety methods. 1.1.2 Development of credit card in Malaysia In old days, there was no such thing as money. Each person would provide for his own food and clothing and also shelter. As time goes by, a system of barter by exchange of needs began. Barter trade however, was not that simple. Sometimes, it was difficult to find those who had exactly the item that was needed. Some goods were used for barter trade because they could easily be carried, have a common value and be easily divided. This commodity money became a medium of exchange soon. Common goods such salt, bread, grain, tobacco were among the item that had served as money. The first money appeared when the ruler or king issued a constant value. For example, in historical times in Malaysia, blocks and tin were kind of commodity money. As businesses developed, it became inconvenient to move large sums of coins around the country. In the middle ages, people preferred to deposit their coins with trustworthy goldsmiths, in exchange for paper receipts. Whenever a depositor wanted to make payments, he would exchange these receipt back for coins. As long as the goldsmith was trustworthy, the paper receipt was as good as coins. Thus, the first paper money and first banks were developed. In Malaysia, only the Bank Negara Malaysia is allowed to issue coins and paper currency notes. The value of ringgit is legal tender and is backed by gold and foreign exchange held by Bank Negara. In nowadays, there are now 3 forms of money we can see in Malaysia. They are coins, paper currency, and transaction account which are cheques and credit cards. While coins and paper currency are used to transfer money at the present time, cheques and credit cards commit money that will be earned in the future. Cheques is the most common instruments used to transfer funds. And then, cheques and credit cards become more popular as they provide their holders with the power to purchase without having carried around large amount of cash. Research Background Credit card among college students has become a hot topic of growing nowadays. This is because college students are experiencing unique transition period in their lives. Financially, they are going through the process from financial dependence to independence. They may have learned some consumer skills in cash management at home before coming to college. At this moment, students just want to start to learn on how to use credit wisely and just matured enough to be able to sign legal contracts include credit card contracts. There are also some other studies that show that students are greatly involved with credit cards. Yet, the use of credit cards among students has received much attention in recent year from members of the financial community and policy makers. Credit card companies grab this golden chance to target students because they are expected to have higher average earning power and are seen by the credit card companies as a desirable market (Warwick Manfield, 2000). Besides, we can see that mixed practices among students credit use will make them have a low knowledge about credit because they do not fully understand the financial implications of having a large number of credit card debt. By this way, this will make them to spend more. (McNeal and Yeh, 1993) A research also showed that at average age of eight years children, making their first independent purchase as socialization as a consumer begins in their early years. Nowadays, as we know that a service tax of RM50 will be charges on each principal credit card in Malaysia start from 20l0. And, for every supplementary card, a service with RM25 will be charged yearly. The governments impose this tax is because the users of credit card is increasing day to day. 1.3 Problem Statement This study analyzes the factors that influence the usage of credit card among IPTA and IPTS students. The research will give the opportunity to collect accurate data from the designed questionnaire in order to analyze the relationship of the variables. The following problem statement is supporting the research background of this study: To what extent do demographic, knowledge, kind of purchases, credit attitude, and family background influence the usage of credit card among IPTA and IPTS students? 1.4 Research Objectives Students attitudes towards credit card could play a vital role in determining its distribution. After figuring out the problem statement of this research, let go to the objectives of this research. The objective of this research is to distribute a proper framework and to analyze the factors that influence the usage of credit card among IPTA and IPTS students. From the research study also, it could assist to provide some suggestion to solve this problem. The three main objectives of this research study are: To investigate the role knowledge of credit card use plays in compulsive buying among the students. To test demographic. To compare the monthly usage of credit card among IPTA and IPTS students. To determine which factors is most significant effect towards usage of credit card among IPTA and IPTS students. 1.5 Significant of study It is important to study that how the credit card as a key of contribution to everyone no matter to bankers, users, society or among college students. Every companies and banks will benefit with owning a credit card. Mostly are those banks making money from the credit card companies? This is how it goes. If a bank agrees to take their customers deposit, they dont keep it all in the back. This is because there are only a small percentage of the bank customers will demand their money at any given time, a percentage of all deposits( vault cash), is kept on hand. Some of this cash will loan out to credit card companies so that they can finance the purchases their customers make, until the customer pays the credit card company back. Actually, most credit card companies are organized as banks, so that they are regulated in a different way than regular companies. As a result, the more money that is owed by bank or company, the more that bank or company is worth. This is because of the way the American accounting system works. Meanwhile, the main benefit to each customer is convenience. A credit card allows small short-term loans to be quickly made to customer who need not calculate a balance remaining before every transaction, provided the total charges do not exceed the maximum credit line for the card. Credit card also provides more fraud protection than the debit card for the users. Many credit cards offer rewards and benefits packages, such as offering enhanced product warranties at no cost, points which may be redeemed for cash, products, and also for the airline tickets. This makes the users feel more satisfaction about their services of owning a credit card. Additionally, carrying a credit card is more comfortable to some users either than carrying a bucket of cash in their pocket. On the other hand, owning a credit card also benefited to community. This is how they permit people around to make a large purchase, such as expensive materials or those for cars. This make the people can buy those things easier. Yet, with credit card be useful for emergencies use like medical bills. Also, credit card offer additional protection of purchases. Example, if the goods that already bought by people is lost or had been stolen, the credit card company can prove for the fact that people have made a purchase with original receipts. So that people do not need to worry too much because some credit card companies are offering insurance on credit card. With a credit card too, it can help to create entrepreneurs. Many entrepreneurs who were unable to get the bank loan will have to use credit card as a way to finance their projects. Although by this way it is extremely risky, there is no choice to help some entrepreneurs become more wealthy and successful in future. Nowadays, we might see many credit companies also set up target in campus areas to encourage college students for sign up their card. They might give free gift such as t-shits, umbrella, water bottles for those who signing up the card. Some research shows that students are valuable customers because they are loyal for their first card and will continue to make their purchases in future. With the credit card, students can make large purchases easily such as expensive text books, airline ticket, hotel room booking, garments, and etc. 1.6 Organization of study This research focus mainly on how credit card use by students of IPTA and also IPTS. This research project compromises of 3 main chapters. It consists of introduction and background, literature review, and also research methodology. The first chapter introduces the area of the study that mainly on the overview and background of the research and the concept of credit card, its advantages and disadvantages, and overview of the previous and current issues related to the topic, and followed by problem statement of this study. Problem statement is referred to a clear statement of the question or issues that to be investigated with the goal of finding and answer solutions. The second chapter is provides a review on the related literature on credit card and the factors that can affect its usage. Literature review is review of facts from past researchers who conducted theirs studies on the same field (usage of credit card) in order to support this research study. The effort to form literature review was done by the information gathering from the internet, journals article and other sources such as past researches journals and articles that is vital to form the literature review. The purpose is to find out all the facts, data and information required to support the topic selected. Besides that, this chapter also includes the review of literature that explains the relationship between each independent variables and dependent variable. The third chapter presents the organized research methodology by explaining the research techniques used in the collection and analysis of the survey data. It includes designation framework, area of study, population sample size, data collection methods are also included, and identifying the variables that consist of dependent variables and independent variables.

Police Brutality Essay -- Policeman Violence Rights Papers

Police Brutality Government policies reflect choices made among conflicting values and many different people, groups, and institutions influence policy decisions. Police brutality is influenced by many, such as our American political ideals of civil rights and liberties, the political process in terms of the media and our political institutions, one which the courts. CIVIL RIGHTS:Whats are out civil rights and liberties relating to the public policy issue of police brutality? Our civil rights and liberties are embedded in our constitution and state religion, freedom of speech, the rights to assemble peacefully and to petition the government, the right to bear arms, freedom of the press, the rights of the criminally accused, requirement of due process, and equal protection of the laws. Among these rights and liberties, we also have the right to not be inflicted any kind of cruel and unusual punishment. We as citizens of America have many rights and freedoms, of which we exercise everyday. The police are there to ensure us these rights and to protect harm to individuals or to society. However we as citizens tend to mistake police officers for robots who entail no hatred nor prejudices in other words society forgets that are also human. Human enough to feel many different feelings, emotions and attitudes towards many different issues or even people. This is not to say that every police officer would subject a citizen towards this negative attitude but current events and statistics show that the civil rights and liberties of Americans are being challenged everyday of the hands of â€Å"our protectors†, the police. Police brutality may occur violating the rights and liberties of any individual at any given time. How... ... WORK CITED CIVIL RIGHTS The Challenge of Democracy, Janda 5th Edition P.217 Beyond The Rodney King Story, Ogletree Northeastern University Press, 1995 Violence And the Police, William Westley, The mit press, 1970 Ebonye,†How TO STOP POLICE BRUTALITY†:HNS J. MASSAQUOI,V.46 JULY 1991 P.58-60 Essence,†Up Against The Wall Black Men and Cops†:LEs Payne;v.23 Nov.1992 p.72 Essence,†The Black and The Blues†, Jill Nelson; v.29 Sep 1985 p. 91-93 Jet,†NAACP’S Wade Henderson Testifies On Capitol Hill About Police Over reaction†: v.80 May 20,1991 p.32 THE MEDIA Washington Post, Bline Harden, June 14 1997 Washington Post,Frank G. Scifidi,March 16,1998 THE COURTS The Anarchical Society, Hedley bull, copyright 1997 Maclean’s, v.28 Dec 22,1997 Maclean’s, v.27 Dec 22 1997 The New York Times, Jan 1998, v147: p A18